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The shell and tube heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger known for its simple structure and easy maintenance. It is capable of withstanding high pressures and finds wide applications in various industries including chemical processes, power plants, refrigeration systems, and more. It is one of the most common types of heat exchangers used in industrial facilities today.

Typically, a shell and tube heat exchanger consists of four main components: the tube bundle, shell, channel, and shell cover. These components are named according to the classification standards of TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association). For detailed information, please refer to the technical data sharing section on our company website.

   Finned tube heat exchangers have a structure similar to conventional shell-and-tube heat exchangers. However, instead of smooth tubes, finned tubes are used as the heat transfer surface. Due to enhanced heat transfer and compact structure, they are also known as compact heat exchangers. The primary purpose of adding fins is to increase the heat exchange surface area and promote heat exchange efficiency.

To increase the heating surface area, it can be achieved by increasing either the outer or inner surface. The additional area is referred to as the Secondary Area. Currently, there are various types of finned tubes used in the industry, with designs primarily focusing on external fins. External fins can be classified into several types: low finned tubes, high finned tubes, and continuous finned tubes. Selection of finned tubes depends on different operating conditions, and there are numerous options for the combination of fins and smooth tubes. Optimal selection can be made based on factors such as the type of fluid, operating temperature, and corrosiveness.

Taiwan Heat Transfer can provide various types of finned tube heat exchangers according to your specific requirements!

   Taiwan Heat Transfer Company is a certified manufacturer of pressure vessels, capable of producing both "Category I" and "Category II" pressure vessels in accordance with regulations. The types of pressure vessels that our company can manufacture include towers, reactors, storage tanks, filters, and various types of heat exchangers.

We offer customized production of various types of pressure vessel-related equipment, tailoring them to meet the specific usage requirements of our customers. We provide options for different metal materials, as well as polishing and corrosion-resistant treatments. In addition to obtaining equipment qualification certificates, we also offer services such as inspection modifications, completion inspections, and selection of safety valves.

If you are unsure about the classification of your equipment as a pressure vessel, you can refer to the technical information shared on our website under the "Pressure Vessel Determination Process," or you can consult our sales department for assistance.

• Regardless of whether it's a nuclear power plant, thermal power plant, cogeneration plant, etc., as long as it utilizes a steam turbine for power generation, although the heat sources may vary, the principle of power generation remains the same. It involves utilizing a steam turbine for power generation, with the thermal cycle referred to as the steam power cycle or Rankine Cycle. In the Rankine cycle of steam, feed water absorbs heat in the boiler (or steam generator) to produce steam, which is then sent through pipes to the turbine to expand and perform work, driving the generator for electricity generation. After performing work, the low-pressure exhausted steam is sent to the condenser for cooling, where it condenses into liquid form. It is then pumped back to the boiler through feed water pumps, passing through either high-pressure or low-pressure feed water heaters for reheating and through deaerators for thermal deaeration, thus forming a closed cycle.

• Our company can design and manufacture various types of heat exchangers used in power plants apart from boilers, such as condensers, feed water heaters, deaerators, air preheaters, Gland Steam Condensers, and Air Ejectors.

• Condenser:
• In the steam power cycle, the condenser primarily functions to:
   1. Release heat at the cold end and recover condensed exhausted steam to feed water.
   2. Remove non-condensable gases and dissolved oxygen from water to prevent system corrosion.
   3. Lower back pressure, maintain vacuum, increase turbine effective enthalpy drop, thereby enhancing cycle efficiency.
• Condensers are classified into water-cooled (Surface Condenser) and air-cooled (Air Cooled Condenser), both of which our company can provide.
• Vacuum level of the condenser is one of the main performance indicators. Our company can also provide vacuum equipment for the condenser, such as Air Ejectors and water ring vacuum pumps.

• Feed Water Heater:
• Also known as a Feed Water Heater (FWH), its function is to heat feed water (boiler water) using extracted steam from the turbine, thus increasing the overall cycle efficiency, also known as regenerative heating.
• Feed water heaters include high-pressure heaters (HP) and low-pressure heaters (LP). Generally, the low-pressure heater (with lower tube-side pressure) is located between the condenser and deaerator, while the high-pressure heater (with higher tube-side pressure) is located after the feed water pump.
• The advantages of using feed water heaters in power plants are as follows:
   1. Improved thermal efficiency: Utilizing extracted steam for feed water heating reduces steam flow to the condenser, minimizing heat sink losses, thus enhancing cycle thermal efficiency.
   2. For boilers, the increased feed water temperature reduces the boiler heat load, leading to a decrease in furnace heat exchange area, thereby saving energy and steel usage.
   3. By having intermediate extraction steam, the steam flow to the last stages of the turbine is reduced, which in turn reduces the flow area of the last-stage turbine blades, addressing challenges in the design and manufacturing of turbine last-stage blades.
   4. With reduced steam flow into the condenser, the heat load of the condenser decreases, reducing heat exchange area, thus saving investment costs and minimizing heat discharge to the environment.

• Deaerator:
• The deaerator is designed to remove dissolved oxygen from boiler feed water to protect the boiler from oxygen corrosion. Thermal deaeration is one of the primary methods for preventing corrosion in power plant boilers or industrial boilers. In a deaerator, thermal deaeration is primarily used because the amount of gas dissolved in water is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the water surface (Henry's law). The principle is to use steam to heat feed water, increasing the water temperature and gradually increasing the partial pressure of steam above the water surface, while the partial pressure of dissolved gases gradually decreases. As a result, gases dissolved in water continuously escape. When water is heated to the boiling temperature corresponding to the respective pressure, the water surface is entirely covered with water vapor, and the partial pressure of dissolved gases is zero. At this point, water no longer has the ability to dissolve gases, including oxygen. The effectiveness of deaeration depends on whether the feed water is heated to the boiling temperature corresponding to the respective pressure and the rate of gas removal, which is closely related to the contact surface area between water and steam.

  • The Air Cooled Condenser (ACC) is a critical component in power generation cycles. In the steam power cycle, the ACC serves as a cooling source. The heat from turbine exhaust steam is transferred to the ambient air through the ACC, resulting in condensation and negative pressure, thereby facilitating a continuous flow of fresh steam into the turbine. The relationship between negative pressure and turbine efficiency is significant, thus the efficiency of the ACC directly impacts overall power generation.

• Advantages of air cooling include:
   1. Easy access to air.
   2. Air-cooled systems are easy to design, operate, and maintain, offering high reliability.
   3. Unlike water, which is corrosive, air does not corrode equipment, leading to lower cleaning and maintenance costs compared to water-cooled systems.
   4. Maintenance costs for air-cooled systems are only 20% to 30% of those for water-cooled systems. Although air cooling requires fan power consumption, water-cooled systems also consume significant power for water circulation pumps and incur expensive water treatment costs, resulting in higher operating expenses.

• Through collaboration with Shuangliang Group, we provide customers with the highest quality ACC products globally. Our technical features include:
   • Three major testing devices to ensure comprehensive performance testing before product delivery:
     1. Bundle Performance Test Device—acquires actual finned tube heat transfer coefficients to optimize heat transfer performance.
     2. Industry-exclusive large-scale dynamic air-cooled test system—installed within Shuangliang's factory, simulating a 1000MW unit ACC to compare test performance with actual units.
     3. Industry-exclusive air-cooled laboratory (-25 ℃ to 40 ℃) and environmental test equipment—tests actual heat transfer performance at various temperatures.
   • Nine testing and research studies thoroughly analyzing heat transfer performance within the bundle throughout its lifespan:
     1. Bundle heat transfer performance testing and research.
     2. Bundle air-side resistance characteristic testing and research.
     3. Bundle steam-side resistance characteristic testing and research.
     4. Aluminum fin atmospheric corrosion performance testing and research.
     5. Base tube welding and corrosion resistance testing.
     6. Bundle fouling performance testing.
     7. Bundle flushing testing.
     8. Bundle anti-freezing testing and research.
     9. Air-cooled bundle fatigue testing.

  • Advantages of Plate Heat Exchangers (PHE):
1. Variable Heat Transfer Area with Load: The number of heat transfer plates can be adjusted within the same frame according to the load.
2. Compact Size: The volume is approximately 1/4 to 1/5 of that of shell and tube heat exchangers for the same heat transfer capacity.
3. Lightweight: The weight is approximately half that of shell and tube heat exchangers for the same heat transfer capacity.
4. Cost-effective: Particularly advantageous for counter-current flow, especially in low temperature differential heat transfer scenarios.
5. High Heat Transfer Efficiency: Internal flow fields are typically highly turbulent, resulting in a fouling resistance of only 10% to 25% compared to shell and tube heat exchangers.

• Disadvantages of Plate Heat Exchangers (PHE):
1. Poor Pressure Resistance.
2. Risk of Gasket Leakage.
3. Narrow Passages Prone to Blockage.

  • Gas-to-gas heat exchangers are commonly utilized for air preheating and flue gas heat recovery applications, where the pressures on both the hot and cold sides are generally not high. During the design process, special attention is required for:

1. Pressure drop issues.
2. Ash accumulation and fouling problems.
3. Flue gas corrosion concerns.
4. Thermal stress issues.

• Taiwan Heat Transfer can provide various customized designs of gas-to-gas heat exchangers or air preheaters to meet your specific needs.

  • As an authorized distributor of SPX FLOW, we leverage over 60 years of experience in food-grade equipment, with product lines certified by FDA, 3-A, and EHEDG. In terms of equipment, we offer systems that meet all your production needs. This includes validated solutions for grinding, pasteurization, heat exchange, mixing and blending, membrane filtration, separation, homogenization, ultra-high temperature (UHT) treatment, evaporation, and drying systems. For instance, our pumps deliver outstanding performance with large particle and high capacity handling capabilities. Our mixers and agitators are proven to minimize air entrainment, while our Scraped Surface Heat Exchangers (SSHE) excel in handling viscous products. Additionally, we provide industry-leading solutions for evaporation, spray drying, cooling, sterilization, and homogenization.

• Throughout the entire lifecycle of the equipment, SPX FLOW collaborates with you, offering recommendations to help you achieve processing goals and optimize product outcomes. The processes we create for you will assist in maximizing product quality, yield, and food safety while minimizing raw material waste, operating costs, energy consumption, footprint, and transportation expenses for the final product.

• Double pipe heat exchangers can be composed of a single set of tubes or multiple sets of tube bundles. They are characterized by simple construction and low cost. However, each set of tube bundles offers limited heat transfer area. Therefore, for heat exchangers requiring a large heat transfer area, multiple sets of tube bundles are necessary. This not only occupies considerable space but also makes installation, disassembly, and cleaning time-consuming. Moreover, due to thermal expansion, they are prone to leakage. Hence, double pipe heat exchangers are generally only used in situations where the heat transfer area is below 18 m2. Another advantage of shell-and-tube heat exchangers is their ability to achieve relatively high levels of counterflow heat transfer, resulting in higher overall heat transfer rates under low temperature differences.

• In general, corrosive, high-temperature, high-pressure, and fouling-prone fluids flow through the inner tube. When the difference is not significant, the fluid with higher flow rate flows through the larger flow area.

• In manufacturing processes, equipment is employed to provide reaction space and conditions for chemical reactions or physical transformations, which can be either batch or continuous.

• Thorough mixing of the participating reaction media facilitates material blending, while the reaction process can be heated or cooled using jacketing or coil systems.

• This equipment can enhance heat transfer efficiency or interphase mass transfer.

• Taiwan Heat Transfer offers services including selection and design of reactors, testing of sample mixing effects, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of mixing effects, along with providing various types of mixing blades.

• The three major elements in reactor design are process design, agitator, and vessel.

• Taiwan Heat Transfer assists in various reaction process designs, such as:
1. Liquid-Solid: dissolution, suspension.
2. Liquid-Gas: absorption, dispersion.
3. Liquid-Liquid: extraction, emulsification.
4. Miscible Liquids: chemical reactions, physical mixing.
5. Fluid Movement: enhancing heat transfer, reducing precipitation.

• Taiwan Heat Transfer specializes in custom designing various types of drying equipment, including hot air dryers, vacuum dryers, freeze dryers, and sludge dryers.

• Drying methods include hot air drying, drum drying, agitated drying, and cyclone separation.

• Our designs can be systematized, incorporating control systems, heat recovery systems, and other features.

• We offer various custom-designed electric heater equipment, such as electric tubular heaters, ceramic jacket heaters, and more.

• Our designs can be systematized, incorporating various controls and protections.

• Electric heater materials are customizable according to requirements.

• We provide explosion-proof electric heaters.

• In addition, we offer infrared heaters.