• Double pipe heat exchangers can be composed of a single set of tubes or multiple sets of tube bundles. They are characterized by simple construction and low cost. However, each set of tube bundles offers limited heat transfer area. Therefore, for heat exchangers requiring a large heat transfer area, multiple sets of tube bundles are necessary. This not only occupies considerable space but also makes installation, disassembly, and cleaning time-consuming. Moreover, due to thermal expansion, they are prone to leakage. Hence, double pipe heat exchangers are generally only used in situations where the heat transfer area is below 18 m2. Another advantage of shell-and-tube heat exchangers is their ability to achieve relatively high levels of counterflow heat transfer, resulting in higher overall heat transfer rates under low temperature differences.
• In general, corrosive, high-temperature, high-pressure, and fouling-prone fluids flow through the inner tube. When the difference is not significant, the fluid with higher flow rate flows through the larger flow area.
• In general, corrosive, high-temperature, high-pressure, and fouling-prone fluids flow through the inner tube. When the difference is not significant, the fluid with higher flow rate flows through the larger flow area.